review: fix review findings (correctness, hardening, doc-accuracy)

First recursive code-review-harness pass over the authored SDK code (sim/,
config-lint, flowgen, drivers/{relays,freshness}, build/, ci.yml). Four parallel
dimension reviewers; all findings at every severity corrected per workspace rule.

Correctness / reliability:
- freshness.c min_budget_ms: use a `seen` flag, not `best==0`, as the empty
  sentinel — a zero-tolerance (max_stale_ms==0) binding was silently widened to a
  looser neighbour's budget. Regression test added; still 66/66 MC/DC.
- config-lint parse_reserved_ranges: match `reg` as a whole property token (ident
  boundary before, `=` after) so `reg-names` / a `region-*` label no longer
  mis-parses into a bogus reserved range.
- config-lint loader check: fail closed — flag any loader with a LOAD_ADDR that is
  not a known-safe boot component, instead of only known MCU names, so a future
  coprocessor ("Rtos"/"Bl32") can't slip past the 0x40000-brick gate.
- build-kernel.sh: sha256 verification is now mandatory (refuse to build if the pin
  is missing) and the mktemp scratch tree is removed on exit (trap), while a
  caller-provided WORK is left intact for CI artifact upload.

Test quality:
- freshness: added the age==max_stale boundary case and a clock-wraparound
  (now < last_ok) fail-safe-to-UNKNOWN test.
- relays: unsetenv(WARDEN_GPIO_ROOT) at main() so the NULL-env arm is hermetic.

Security / CI:
- ci.yml: top-level `permissions: contents: read` (badges overrides to write);
  pin taiki-e/install-action to commit SHA (v2.86.7).

Maintainability / docs:
- drivers/enforce-mcdc.sh: one shared, name-derived gate replaces the two
  copy-pasted per-driver scripts; Makefiles call ../../enforce-mcdc.sh.
- docs/architecture.md: §3/§4/§6/§7 rewritten to match reality — NPU/RGA models,
  config-lint, and the relays+freshness MC/DC harnesses are done; kernel §6 now
  reflects the 5.10->6.18.46 forward-port (ADR-0001), not the superseded plan44/6.6.
- README: status blurb + layout table corrected (kernel/, .github/; stale ci/ and
  patches/ descriptions fixed). hpmcu "8 tests" -> 7 in docs.
- freshness.{c,h}: ADR reference points at flare-edge ADR-0004 (warden-sdk's
  ADR-0004 is the CI runner — number collision).
- normalize rustfmt drift across sim/ + config-lint.

All green: sim 37 tests, config-lint 8 tests, both drivers 100% MC/DC (relays
40/40, freshness 66/66), clippy clean under -D warnings, gitleaks clean.

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.8 <noreply@anthropic.com>
Claude-Session: https://claude.ai/code/session_017wB8KB3MMQztRDXCMCkPrf

.github/workflows/ci.yml

@@ -16,6 +16,11 @@ concurrency:
   group: ci-${{ github.ref }}
   cancel-in-progress: true
 
+# Least privilege by default: every job gets a read-only token; only `badges`
+# (which commits rendered SVGs) overrides this with contents: write below.
+permissions:
+  contents: read
+
 jobs:
   test:
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
@@ -34,7 +39,7 @@ jobs:
           done
       - name: coverage (cargo-llvm-cov on sim)
         run: rustup component add llvm-tools-preview
-      - uses: taiki-e/install-action@v2
+      - uses: taiki-e/install-action@b6ff580856c41316412a0b9b60540fbc6f8c82cc # v2.86.7
         with:
           tool: cargo-llvm-cov
       - name: run coverage

.gitignore

@@ -11,6 +11,11 @@ target/
 *.swp
 *~
 .DS_Store
+__pycache__/
+*.pyc
+
+# local tooling state (code-review harness cross-session memory, etc.)
+.claude/
 
 # driver MC/DC harness build dirs
 **/test/build/

README.md

@@ -11,11 +11,13 @@ RV1106 HMI). A from-scratch replacement for the twice-ported vendor stack
 the rest of the firmware: tested, benchmarked, reproducible, and honest about
 what runs on real silicon versus what we simulate.
 
-> Status: **bootstrapping.** This repo is being stood up incrementally; today it
+> Status: **bringup.** The hardware **simulator** and its tests, the RV1106 kernel
-> hosts the hardware **simulator** and its tests. The kernel forward-port and the
+> forward-port as a reviewable `patches/` series, the hermetic kernel build, and two
-> hermetic image build move in as each is proven. Until then, flare-edge still
+> Tier-1 drivers at 100% MC/DC are all in and CI-green on the `bringup` branch. What
-> builds firmware from the vendored SDK + `sdk-patches/`; nothing here is on the
+> remains before this is on the production build path: installing the self-hosted
-> production build path yet.
+> kernel-build runner (see `docs/ci-cd.md`) and having flare-edge consume warden-sdk
+> as a dependency — both [maintainer]-gated. Until then, flare-edge still builds firmware from
+> the vendored SDK + `sdk-patches/`.
 
 ## Why a new SDK
 
@@ -87,13 +89,15 @@ than duplicate each other.
 ## Layout
 
 ```
-sim/        the hardware simulator (Rust): mailbox/devmem model, HPMCU, RGA, NPU.
+sim/        the hardware simulator (Rust): membus/devmem, HPMCU, CRU, Modbus, RGA, NPU.
-drivers/    our own hardened drivers + their seams (as they migrate in).
+drivers/    our own hardened drivers + their seams (relays, freshness; more migrate in).
-patches/    the vendor-SDK delta (mirrors flare-edge/sdk-patches until it moves here).
+patches/    the RV1106 kernel forward-port delta onto pristine linux-6.18.46 (subsystem-split).
-build/      the hermetic image-build wrapper (kernel → rootfs → image), incremental.
+kernel/     forward-port docs + provenance (rv1106-enablement/, PROVENANCE.md).
-ci/         CI: patches-still-apply, host tests, coverage, benchmarks.
+build/      the hermetic kernel build (fetch pristine → apply patches → zImage + dtb).
-docs/       architecture + ADRs (decisions/).
+docs/       architecture + ADRs (decisions/) + ci-cd + generated workflow flowcharts.
-tools/      dev tooling. config-lint: static target-config gates (MCU-load-vs-reserved-memory — the 0x40000 brick class).
+tools/      dev tooling. config-lint: static target-config gates (MCU-load-vs-reserved-memory,
+            the 0x40000 brick class); flowgen: the workflow-flowchart generator.
+.github/    CI (workflows/ci.yml): patches-apply, host tests, coverage, MC/DC, benchmarks, badges.
 ```
 
 ## Principles

build/build-kernel.sh

@@ -23,9 +23,20 @@ REPO="$(cd "$HERE/.." && pwd)"
 PATCHES="$REPO/patches"
 SHA_FILE="$HERE/linux-$KVER.tar.xz.sha256"
 JOBS="${JOBS:-$(nproc)}"
-WORK="${WORK:-$(mktemp -d "${TMPDIR:-/tmp}/warden-kbuild.XXXXXX")}"
 URL="https://cdn.kernel.org/pub/linux/kernel/v6.x/linux-$KVER.tar.xz"
 
+# A caller-provided WORK (e.g. CI's ${{ github.workspace }}/kbuild-out, from which
+# artifacts are uploaded) is left intact; a scratch dir we mktemp'd here is our own
+# (>1GB of extracted source + build output) and is removed on exit so repeated runs
+# on the shared SDK box don't fill the disk.
+if [ -n "${WORK:-}" ]; then
+  WORK_OWNED=0
+else
+  WORK="$(mktemp -d "${TMPDIR:-/tmp}/warden-kbuild.XXXXXX")"
+  WORK_OWNED=1
+fi
+trap '[ "${WORK_OWNED:-0}" = 1 ] && rm -rf "$WORK"' EXIT
+
 log() { printf '\033[36m== %s\033[0m\n' "$*"; }
 
 command -v python >/dev/null || { echo "need 'python' (not python3) on PATH — SDK quirk" >&2; exit 1; }
@@ -37,12 +48,17 @@ if [ ! -f "$TB" ]; then
   log "downloading $URL"
   curl -fSL "$URL" -o "$TB"
 fi
-if [ -f "$SHA_FILE" ]; then
+# Fail closed: a missing pin (e.g. forgotten on a KVER bump) or a KERNEL_TARBALL
+# pointed at an arbitrary file must refuse to build, never silently skip the check
+# — the pristine tarball is the ONLY external input and integrity is the whole point.
+[ -f "$SHA_FILE" ] || {
+  echo "FATAL: no pinned sha256 for linux-$KVER (expected $SHA_FILE) — refusing to build from an unverified tarball" >&2
+  exit 1
+}
 want="$(cat "$SHA_FILE")"
 got="$(sha256sum "$TB" | awk '{print $1}')"
 [ "$want" = "$got" ] || { echo "tarball sha256 mismatch: want $want got $got" >&2; exit 1; }
 log "tarball sha256 verified"
-fi
 
 # 2. extract pristine
 SRC="$WORK/linux-$KVER"

docs/architecture.md

@@ -55,7 +55,7 @@ supervisor logic runs in CI with no panel.
 - **`membus` — register/SRAM bus.** Done. `MemBus` trait + `SimBus`.
 - **`hpmcu` — the RISC-V watchdog coprocessor.** Done. Faithful port of
   `hpmcu/watchdog/main.c`'s state machine (boot-grace, heartbeat-timeout, disarm,
-  fire) against a `SimBus` mailbox, virtual clock, 8 tests including the
+  fire) against a `SimBus` mailbox, virtual clock, 7 tests including the
   arm-within-grace no-boot-loop safety property. This is the model that would have
   let the boot-loaded-watchdog logic be validated before the flash that bricked a
   bench unit (though the *layout* fault — a load address in unreserved kernel RAM —
@@ -70,9 +70,16 @@ supervisor logic runs in CI with no panel.
   and fault injection — silent-drop and forced-NAK) so `warden-modbus`'s master can be
   hardened to MC/DC against realistic device behaviour with no serial hardware. MEI
   (0x2B/0x0E) identification is the documented follow-up.
-- **Next:** an **NPU** load model behind the path seam (deferred — no NPU feature
+- **`npu` — NPU load model.** Done. `NpuSim` models `/proc/rknpu/load` (the exact
-  ships soon); a **GPIO/relay** sysfs model (largely covered by the `WARDEN_GPIO_ROOT`
+  "NPU load:  N%" text the sysmon reads) behind the path seam, so the load-readout UI
-  seam in flare-edge's `tests/relays-mcdc/`); an **RGA** recording fake.
+  is host-testable. NPU *compute* is explicitly out of scope — no inference runs here.
+- **`rga` — 2D blitter offload.** Done. `RgaSim`, a recording `improcess` fake with a
+  programmable `IM_STATUS`, so the RGA offload-dispatch and CPU-fallback logic is
+  exercised behind the `#if WARDEN_USE_RGA` seam without librga; wired into the
+  `rga_improcess` benchmark.
+- **Next:** MEI (0x2B/0x0E) Modbus identification; the Tier-2 driver *sources*
+  (`modbus_engine.c`, `warden_rga.c`) migrate in with the flare-edge unification
+  (ADR-0005) — their hardware ends are already modelled and tested above.
 
 Integration with flare-edge: flared implements `MemBus` for `/dev/mem` and gains
 `#[cfg(test)]` tests driving its real arm/beat logic against `HpmcuSim`. This needs
@@ -86,14 +93,15 @@ once the dependency exists. No duplication of *logic* — only the tiny trait.
 "100% MC/DC on 100% of drivers" is infeasible literally: ~97% of driver LOC is
 vendor blobs (AIC8800 wifi = 88.5K lines). Tiered target:
 
-- **Tier 1 — our own hardware code → real MC/DC.** modbus master (`modbus_engine.c`),
+- **Tier 1 — our own hardware code → real MC/DC.** Method: the proven `tests/uboot-ab`
-  relays (`relays.c`), the RGA wrapper's dispatch, the HPMCU supervisor
+  pattern — extract the unit behind a small injectable seam, mock its world, build
-  (`hpmcu.rs`), the devmem reset ladder. Method: the proven `tests/uboot-ab`
+  `-fcondition-coverage`, enforce with the shared `drivers/enforce-mcdc.sh` (gcc-14
-  pattern — extract the unit, mock its world, build `-fcondition-coverage`, enforce
+  `gcov --conditions`) in the CI `mcdc` job. **Done here now:** `relays.c` (40/40
-  with `enforce-mcdc.sh` (gcc-14 `gcov --conditions`). **Gap the survey found: there
+  conditions) and `freshness.c` (66/66), both at 100% MC/DC and CI-enforced. **Migrate
-  is no C-side coverage in CI at all today** — only flared line-coverage and the one
+  in next:** the modbus master (`modbus_engine.c`) and the RGA wrapper's dispatch —
-  uboot-ab MC/DC file. Standing up an MC/DC harness for the first C driver
+  their hardware ends are already modelled and tested in `sim/` (`modbus`, `rga`); the
-  (`relays.c` — small, safety-relevant) is the first driver-hardening deliverable.
+  driver sources move in with the flare-edge unification (ADR-0005). The HPMCU
+  supervisor and devmem reset ladder are covered Rust-side (`sim/hpmcu`, `sim/cru`).
 - **Tier 2 — near-mainline small drivers → branch coverage + fault injection.**
 - **Tier 3 — vendor blobs (AIC8800, MPP/ISP/RGA libs) → fault-injection hardening
   behind the seam,** not MC/DC. The AIC8800 SDIO-wedge Tier-1 fix + the designed
@@ -124,24 +132,32 @@ fails against a DT with no `rtos@40000` node and passes once the reservation is
 added. **Next** target-config checks: partition-table-vs-image-size and
 vermagic-vs-kernel.
 
-## 6. Kernel forward-port (separate, bounded phase)
+## 6. Kernel forward-port (done — see ADR-0001)
 
-Move to **plan44's OpenWrt RV1106 fork — Linux 6.6** (152 RV1106 patches + our
+A self-built **Linux 6.18.46**, forward-ported directly from the vendor 5.10.160 tree
-exact board DT), not mainline (no DT/clk/display/RGA/NPU/flash-boot merged). It is
+onto our Buildroot LTS/uClibc base — **not** the plan44/OpenWrt 6.6 fork this section
-a diff-and-borrow forward-port onto our Buildroot/uClibc base, not a swap-in
+originally reached for. **ADR-0001 records why that was superseded:** plan44 drops
-(plan44 drops Buildroot for OpenWrt/musl and ships no AIC8800 kmod). The dominant
+Buildroot for OpenWrt/musl and ships no AIC8800 kmod, so it was a swap-out, not a
-risk is the struct-ABI break (the VLAN saga) — mitigated by shipping any kernel
+forward-port. Mainline alone was not viable either (no DT/clk/display/RGA/NPU/
-move as one matched boot+oem image, never a partial reflash. This phase starts
+flash-boot upstream for RV1106); the port reuses the already-in-mainline rv1126
-after the sim + driver-hardening foundation, since those are how we'll regression
+register data where it matches and carries our deltas as the reviewable `patches/`
-the port.
+series. This is **done and hardware-verified on `warden-c8a3`** — clk, pinctrl, eMMC,
+GMAC, TRNG, OTP, SARADC/TSADC, RTC, USB host, PWM/backlight, VOP display, GT911 touch,
+AIC8800 wifi, RGA, I2S audio, HPMCU mailbox, the open NPU driver, and PVTM all boot.
+The dominant risk was the struct-ABI break (the VLAN saga), mitigated by shipping the
+kernel move as one matched boot+oem image, never a partial reflash.
+`build/build-kernel.sh` (the hermetic build) and the `patches-apply` CI gate keep the
+series honest against pristine 6.18.46; provenance is in `patches/README.md` and
+`kernel/rv1106-enablement/`.
 
 ## 7. Order of work
 
-1. **Simulator core** — `membus` + `hpmcu` (done); reset-ladder + path-seam
+1. **Simulator core** — `membus`, `hpmcu`, the `cru` reset ladder, `modbus`, plus the
-   scaffolding next.
+   `rga`/`npu` models. **Done.**
-2. **First C-driver MC/DC harness** — `relays.c`, establishing the C coverage gate.
+2. **C-driver MC/DC harnesses** — `relays.c` and `freshness.c` at 100% MC/DC, CI-gated
-3. **flared devmem/hpmcu seam + tests** (firmware-side trait; unify with `sim/`
+   via the shared `drivers/enforce-mcdc.sh`. **Done** (the first C coverage gate).
-   when the repo has a remote).
+3. **flared devmem/hpmcu seam + tests** — firmware-side trait, unified with `sim/`
-4. **Config-lint CI gates** (§5) — the brick-class of bug.
+   once flare-edge consumes warden-sdk (a separate, [maintainer]-gated step). **Pending.**
-5. **Hermetic image build** wrapper moves in.
+4. **Config-lint CI gates** (§5) — the brick-class of bug. **Done.**
-6. **Kernel 6.6 forward-port** (§6).
+5. **Hermetic kernel build** (`build/build-kernel.sh` + the `patches-apply` gate). **Done.**
+6. **Kernel 5.10→6.18.46 forward-port** (§6, ADR-0001). **Done** (hardware-verified).

drivers/README.md

@@ -17,8 +17,11 @@ Self-contained logic with a clean seam, measured to **100% MC/DC** (gcc-14
 
 **Adding a Tier-1 driver:** copy `<name>.{c,h}` here, put the hardware/OS calls behind
 a small injectable seam, then mirror `relays/test/` (a fake backend for the logic
-branches + a real backend over a scratch tree for the plumbing) and
+branches + a real backend over a scratch tree for the plumbing). Reuse the shared
-`enforce-mcdc.sh`. The CI job picks up any `drivers/*/test/Makefile` automatically.
+gate — the Makefile calls `bash ../../enforce-mcdc.sh <gcov.log> build/<name>.c.gcov
+build/test.rc` (it derives the driver name from the `.gcov` file, so there is no
+per-driver copy to keep in sync). The CI `mcdc` job picks up any
+`drivers/*/test/Makefile` automatically.
 
 ## Tier 2 — serious testing + fault-injection + benchmarks
 
@@ -30,7 +33,7 @@ is already modelled and tested here** in `../sim/`:
 |---|---|---|
 | `modbus_engine.c` (RS485 master) | 11 pty scenarios + fault-injection + a compiled corpus walk (flare-edge `tools/modbus-sim/`, green) | `sim::modbus` RTU slave (11 tests, silent-drop/forced-NAK faults) + `modbus_read_holding` benchmark |
 | `warden_rga.c` (RGA offload) | offload-dispatch + CPU-fallback logic | `sim::rga` recording `improcess` fake (programmable IM_STATUS) + `rga_improcess` benchmark |
-| HPMCU supervisor (`hpmcu.rs`) | arm/beat/fire + boot-grace safety property | `sim::hpmcu` (8 tests) + `hpmcu_tick` benchmark |
+| HPMCU supervisor (`hpmcu.rs`) | arm/beat/fire + boot-grace safety property | `sim::hpmcu` (7 tests) + `hpmcu_tick` benchmark |
 
 **Why the Tier-2 *source* isn't vendored here yet:** `modbus_engine.c` and
 `warden_rga.c` pull in shared UI headers (`platform.h`, `settings.h`, `lv_*`) and

drivers/enforce-mcdc.sh

@@ -1,9 +1,16 @@
 #!/usr/bin/env bash
-# Gate: fail unless every unit check passed AND relays.c reached 100% MC/DC
+# Shared Tier-1 MC/DC gate for every driver harness. Each driver's test/Makefile
-# (condition) coverage with no uncovered executable lines.
+# invokes it as:
-#   $1 = gcov stdout log   $2 = relays.c.gcov   $3 = test exit-code file
+#   bash ../../enforce-mcdc.sh <gcov.log> <build>/<name>.c.gcov <test.rc>
+# Fails unless every unit check passed AND <name>.c reached 100% MC/DC (condition)
+# coverage with no uncovered executable lines. The driver name is derived from the
+# .gcov filename so this one script serves all drivers (no per-driver copies to keep
+# in sync).
+#   $1 = gcov stdout log   $2 = <name>.c.gcov   $3 = test exit-code file
 set -uo pipefail
 LOG="$1"; GCOV="$2"; RCFILE="$3"
+base="$(basename "$GCOV")"; base="${base%.gcov}"   # e.g. freshness.c
+name="${base%.c}"                                   # e.g. freshness
 rc=0
 
 testrc="$(cat "$RCFILE" 2>/dev/null || echo 1)"
@@ -20,9 +27,10 @@ fi
 notcov="$(grep -nE "condition[s]? .*not covered" "$GCOV" || true)"
 uncov_lines="$(grep -nE "^ +#####:" "$GCOV" || true)"
 
-# Summary lines for relays.c from gcov stdout. Match the exact file so
+# Summary lines for <name>.c from gcov stdout. Match the exact file so the test
-# 'test_relays.c' (which also contains "relays.c") is NOT picked up.
+# harness translation unit (test_<name>.c, which also contains "<name>.c") is NOT
-FMATCH="File '([^']*/)?relays[.]c'"
+# picked up.
+FMATCH="File '([^']*/)?${name}[.]c'"
 cond_line="$(awk -v patt="$FMATCH" '$0 ~ patt {f=1} f&&/Condition outcomes covered:/{print; f=0}' "$LOG")"
 line_line="$(awk -v patt="$FMATCH" '$0 ~ patt {f=1} f&&/Lines executed:/{print; f=0}' "$LOG")"
 echo "  ${line_line:-Lines executed: (n/a)}"
@@ -34,7 +42,7 @@ if [ -n "$notcov" ]; then
 	rc=1
 fi
 if [ -n "$uncov_lines" ]; then
-	echo "RESULT: uncovered executable lines in relays.c:"
+	echo "RESULT: uncovered executable lines in ${name}.c:"
 	echo "$uncov_lines" | sed 's/^/    /'
 	rc=1
 fi

drivers/freshness/freshness.c

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /*
- * The UI Freshness Contract engine (ADR 0004) — core, LVGL-free.
+ * The UI Freshness Contract engine (flare-edge ADR-0004) — core, LVGL-free.
  * See freshness.h for the contract. LVGL binding lives in freshness_lv.c.
  */
 #include "freshness.h"
@@ -175,11 +175,16 @@ uint32_t warden_fresh_count(void)
 
 uint32_t warden_fresh_min_budget_ms(void)
 {
+    /* `seen` — not `best == 0` — marks "nothing scanned yet", so a legitimate
+     * zero-tolerance binding (max_stale_ms == 0, "must be fresh every tick") wins
+     * the minimum instead of being mistaken for the empty sentinel and widened. */
     uint32_t best = 0;
+    bool seen = false;
     for(uint32_t i = 0; i < FRESH_MAX; i++) {
         struct warden_fresh *v = &s_vals[i];
-        if(v->used && v->visible && (best == 0 || v->max_stale_ms < best)) {
+        if(v->used && v->visible && (!seen || v->max_stale_ms < best)) {
             best = v->max_stale_ms;
+            seen = true;
         }
     }
     return best;

drivers/freshness/freshness.h

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /*
- * The UI Freshness Contract engine (ADR 0004) — core, LVGL-free.
+ * The UI Freshness Contract engine (flare-edge ADR-0004) — core, LVGL-free.
  *
  * The panel is read on-site to judge whether hardware is healthy, so a silently
  * *stale* number is worse than a missing one: a stale IP or hashrate reads as

drivers/freshness/test/Makefile

@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@ check: $(BUILD)/test
 	@echo "== MC/DC (condition) coverage of freshness.c =="
 	@$(GCOV) --conditions --branch-probabilities -o $(BUILD) ../freshness.c >$(BUILD)/gcov.log 2>&1 || true
 	@mv -f *.gcov $(BUILD)/ 2>/dev/null || true
-	@bash enforce-mcdc.sh $(BUILD)/gcov.log $(BUILD)/freshness.c.gcov $(BUILD)/test.rc
+	@bash ../../enforce-mcdc.sh $(BUILD)/gcov.log $(BUILD)/freshness.c.gcov $(BUILD)/test.rc
 
 report: check
 	@grep -nE "condition.*not covered|conditions covered" $(BUILD)/freshness.c.gcov || true

drivers/freshness/test/enforce-mcdc.sh

@@ -1,48 +0,0 @@
-#!/usr/bin/env bash
-# Gate: fail unless every unit check passed AND freshness.c reached 100% MC/DC
-# (condition) coverage with no uncovered executable lines.
-#   $1 = gcov stdout log   $2 = freshness.c.gcov   $3 = test exit-code file
-set -uo pipefail
-LOG="$1"; GCOV="$2"; RCFILE="$3"
-rc=0
-
-testrc="$(cat "$RCFILE" 2>/dev/null || echo 1)"
-if [ "$testrc" != "0" ]; then
-	echo "RESULT: unit checks FAILED (test exit $testrc)"; rc=1
-else
-	echo "RESULT: all unit checks passed"
-fi
-
-if [ ! -f "$GCOV" ]; then
-	echo "RESULT: no coverage file ($GCOV) produced"; exit 1
-fi
-
-notcov="$(grep -nE "condition[s]? .*not covered" "$GCOV" || true)"
-uncov_lines="$(grep -nE "^ +#####:" "$GCOV" || true)"
-
-# Summary lines for freshness.c from gcov stdout. Match the exact file so
-# 'test_freshness.c' (which also contains "freshness.c") is NOT picked up.
-FMATCH="File '([^']*/)?freshness[.]c'"
-cond_line="$(awk -v patt="$FMATCH" '$0 ~ patt {f=1} f&&/Condition outcomes covered:/{print; f=0}' "$LOG")"
-line_line="$(awk -v patt="$FMATCH" '$0 ~ patt {f=1} f&&/Lines executed:/{print; f=0}' "$LOG")"
-echo "  ${line_line:-Lines executed: (n/a)}"
-echo "  ${cond_line:-Condition outcomes covered: (n/a)}"
-
-if [ -n "$notcov" ]; then
-	echo "RESULT: MC/DC gaps (conditions not covered):"
-	echo "$notcov" | sed 's/^/    /'
-	rc=1
-fi
-if [ -n "$uncov_lines" ]; then
-	echo "RESULT: uncovered executable lines in freshness.c:"
-	echo "$uncov_lines" | sed 's/^/    /'
-	rc=1
-fi
-
-if ! echo "$cond_line" | grep -q "100.00%"; then
-	echo "RESULT: condition coverage is below 100%"
-	rc=1
-fi
-
-[ "$rc" = "0" ] && echo "RESULT: 100% MC/DC + all checks green ✓"
-exit "$rc"

drivers/freshness/test/test_freshness.c

@@ -44,6 +44,9 @@ static void test_decide(void) {
     EXPECT(warden_fresh_decide(FRESH_UNKNOWN, false, false, 0,   100) == FRESH_RENDER_UNKNOWN);
     EXPECT(warden_fresh_decide(FRESH_UNKNOWN, true,  false, 200, 100) == FRESH_RENDER_UNKNOWN);
     EXPECT(warden_fresh_decide(FRESH_UNKNOWN, true,  false, 50,  100) == FRESH_RENDER_NOCHANGE);
+    /* boundary: age == max_stale is NOT stale (guards a `>`->`>=` regression that
+     * MC/DC alone would not catch — both outcomes are already covered above). */
+    EXPECT(warden_fresh_decide(FRESH_UNKNOWN, true,  false, 100, 100) == FRESH_RENDER_NOCHANGE);
 }
 
 /* --- 2. bind: !produce, !render, valid, and table-full (FRESH_MAX=2) --- */
@@ -121,10 +124,18 @@ static void test_invalidate(void) {
     EXPECT(g_render_calls == 1);
 }
 
-/* --- 6. min_budget: best==0 first, then max_stale<best true and false --- */
+/* --- 6. min_budget: unseen first, then max_stale<best true and false --- */
 static void test_min_budget(void) {
     warden_fresh_reset();
     EXPECT(warden_fresh_min_budget_ms() == 0);     /* nothing bound */
+    /* regression (correctness review): a zero-tolerance binding (max_stale=0) must
+     * win the minimum, not be mistaken for the "nothing scanned" sentinel and
+     * widened to a looser neighbour's budget. */
+    warden_fresh_bind((void*)1, fake_produce, NULL, 0,   "s", fake_render, (void*)9);
+    warden_fresh_bind((void*)1, fake_produce, NULL, 300, "s", fake_render, (void*)9);
+    EXPECT(warden_fresh_min_budget_ms() == 0);
+    warden_fresh_reset();
+    EXPECT(warden_fresh_min_budget_ms() == 0);     /* nothing bound (post-reset) */
     warden_fresh_bind((void*)1, fake_produce, NULL, 300, "s", fake_render, (void*)9); /* best=0->300 */
     warden_fresh_bind((void*)1, fake_produce, NULL, 100, "s", fake_render, (void*)9); /* 100<300 -> 100 */
     EXPECT(warden_fresh_min_budget_ms() == 100);
@@ -160,6 +171,22 @@ static void test_false_arms(void) {
     EXPECT(g_render_calls == 0);
 }
 
+/* --- 8. clock wraparound: a uint32 ms counter wraps every ~49.7 days, so a tick
+ *        can arrive with now_ms < last_ok_ms. The unsigned `now - last_ok_ms` then
+ *        underflows to a huge age; the contract must fail SAFE to UNKNOWN, never
+ *        assert the last value as if still fresh. --- */
+static void test_wraparound(void) {
+    warden_fresh_reset();
+    warden_fresh_bind((void*)1, fake_produce, NULL, 100, "s", fake_render, (void*)9);
+    set_produce(FRESH_OK, "9"); reset_render();
+    warden_fresh_tick(1000);                       /* last_ok_ms = 1000, ever_ok */
+    EXPECT(g_render_calls == 1 && g_render_what == FRESH_RENDER_VALUE);
+    /* now wraps behind last_ok_ms: age underflows -> treated as stale -> UNKNOWN */
+    set_produce(FRESH_UNKNOWN, NULL); reset_render();
+    warden_fresh_tick(10);
+    EXPECT(g_render_calls == 1 && g_render_what == FRESH_RENDER_UNKNOWN);
+}
+
 int main(void) {
     test_decide();
     test_bind();
@@ -168,6 +195,7 @@ int main(void) {
     test_invalidate();
     test_min_budget();
     test_false_arms();
+    test_wraparound();
     fprintf(stderr, "%d checks, %d failures\n", g_checks, g_fail);
     return g_fail ? 1 : 0;
 }

drivers/relays/test/Makefile

@@ -32,7 +32,7 @@ check: $(BUILD)/test
 	@echo "== MC/DC (condition) coverage of relays.c =="
 	@$(GCOV) --conditions --branch-probabilities -o $(BUILD) ../relays.c >$(BUILD)/gcov.log 2>&1 || true
 	@mv -f *.gcov $(BUILD)/ 2>/dev/null || true
-	@bash enforce-mcdc.sh $(BUILD)/gcov.log $(BUILD)/relays.c.gcov $(BUILD)/test.rc
+	@bash ../../enforce-mcdc.sh $(BUILD)/gcov.log $(BUILD)/relays.c.gcov $(BUILD)/test.rc
 
 report: check
 	@grep -nE "condition.*not covered|conditions covered" $(BUILD)/relays.c.gcov || true

drivers/relays/test/test_relays.c

@@ -211,6 +211,11 @@ static void integration_tests(void)
 
 int main(void)
 {
+    /* Hermeticity: layer 1's fake-io tests exercise gpio_root()'s `r && *r` NULL
+     * arm (unset env). Clear any inherited WARDEN_GPIO_ROOT so that outcome is
+     * deterministic instead of depending on the ambient shell (an exported value
+     * would otherwise drop condition coverage and spuriously fail the gate). */
+    unsetenv("WARDEN_GPIO_ROOT");
     unit_tests();
     integration_tests();
     fprintf(stderr, "%d checks, %d failures\n", g_checks, g_fail);

sim/benches/sim_bench.rs

@@ -59,8 +59,17 @@ fn main() {
     // RGA: one improcess dispatch record (+ clear, so the log stays bounded).
     {
         let mut r = RgaSim::new();
-        let sf = Surface { width: 720, height: 720, format: 0 };
+        let sf = Surface {
-        let rc = Rect { x: 0, y: 0, w: 720, h: 720 };
+            width: 720,
+            height: 720,
+            format: 0,
+        };
+        let rc = Rect {
+            x: 0,
+            y: 0,
+            w: 720,
+            h: 720,
+        };
         bench("rga_improcess", N, || {
             let _ = r.improcess(sf, sf, rc, rc);
             r.clear();

sim/src/cru.rs

@@ -203,7 +203,11 @@ mod tests {
         cru.poll(0);
         bus.poke32(DW_WDT_CRR, DW_WDT_PET); // pet at t=5 -> new deadline 13
         assert_eq!(cru.poll(5), None);
-        assert_eq!(cru.poll(8), None, "petted: original deadline no longer applies");
+        assert_eq!(
+            cru.poll(8),
+            None,
+            "petted: original deadline no longer applies"
+        );
         assert_eq!(cru.poll(13), Some(ResetCause::Watchdog));
     }
 

sim/src/hpmcu.rs

@@ -92,7 +92,8 @@ impl<B: MemBus> HpmcuSim<B> {
             return;
         }
         self.polls = self.polls.wrapping_add(1);
-        self.bus.poke32(self.base + OFF_CYC, (now & 0xffff_ffff) as u32);
+        self.bus
+            .poke32(self.base + OFF_CYC, (now & 0xffff_ffff) as u32);
         let magic = self.bus.peek32(self.base + OFF_MAGIC);
         let counter = self.bus.peek32(self.base + OFF_COUNTER);
         let poll_lo = self.polls & 0xffff;
@@ -100,7 +101,8 @@ impl<B: MemBus> HpmcuSim<B> {
         if magic == MAGIC_DISARM {
             // Deliberate stand-down: resume the moment Linux re-arms; the grace
             // clock restarts so a disarm-then-silence never fires.
-            self.bus.poke32(self.base + OFF_STATE, STATE_DISARMED | poll_lo);
+            self.bus
+                .poke32(self.base + OFF_STATE, STATE_DISARMED | poll_lo);
             self.t0 = now;
             self.last_change = now;
         } else if magic == MAGIC_ARMED {
@@ -110,7 +112,8 @@ impl<B: MemBus> HpmcuSim<B> {
                 self.bus.poke32(self.base + OFF_SEEN, counter);
                 self.last_change = now;
             }
-            self.bus.poke32(self.base + OFF_STATE, STATE_ARMED | poll_lo);
+            self.bus
+                .poke32(self.base + OFF_STATE, STATE_ARMED | poll_lo);
             if now.saturating_sub(self.last_change) > HEARTBEAT_TIMEOUT_S {
                 self.fire();
             }
@@ -186,7 +189,10 @@ mod tests {
         // Heartbeat stops (counter frozen). Fires just past 90s.
         for now in (5..=90).step_by(5) {
             m.tick(now);
-            assert!(!m.fired(), "must not fire within the heartbeat window (@{now}s)");
+            assert!(
+                !m.fired(),
+                "must not fire within the heartbeat window (@{now}s)"
+            );
         }
         m.tick(91);
         assert!(m.fired(), "must fire just past the 90s heartbeat timeout");
@@ -225,7 +231,10 @@ mod tests {
             counter += 1;
             arm_beat(&bus, counter);
             m.tick(now);
-            assert!(!m.fired(), "flared armed before boot-grace: must never fire (@{now}s)");
+            assert!(
+                !m.fired(),
+                "flared armed before boot-grace: must never fire (@{now}s)"
+            );
         }
         assert_eq!(m.state(), STATE_ARMED);
     }
@@ -252,6 +261,9 @@ mod tests {
             assert!(!m.fired(), "within the heartbeat window (@{now}s)");
         }
         m.tick(695); // 695 - 600 = 95 > 90
-        assert!(m.fired(), "flared dead > heartbeat timeout: MCU fires the reset");
+        assert!(
+            m.fired(),
+            "flared dead > heartbeat timeout: MCU fires the reset"
+        );
     }
 }

sim/src/modbus.rs

@@ -28,7 +28,11 @@ pub fn crc16(bytes: &[u8]) -> u16 {
     for &b in bytes {
         crc ^= b as u16;
         for _ in 0..8 {
-            crc = if crc & 1 != 0 { (crc >> 1) ^ 0xA001 } else { crc >> 1 };
+            crc = if crc & 1 != 0 {
+                (crc >> 1) ^ 0xA001
+            } else {
+                crc >> 1
+            };
         }
     }
     crc
@@ -202,7 +206,11 @@ impl ModbusSlave {
         if count == 0 || count > 2000 {
             return Err(exc::ILLEGAL_DATA_VALUE);
         }
-        let bank = if discrete { &self.discrete } else { &self.coils };
+        let bank = if discrete {
+            &self.discrete
+        } else {
+            &self.coils
+        };
         if start + count > bank.len() {
             return Err(exc::ILLEGAL_DATA_ADDRESS);
         }
@@ -272,7 +280,10 @@ impl ModbusSlave {
         let start = u16::from_be_bytes([pdu[0], pdu[1]]) as usize;
         let count = u16::from_be_bytes([pdu[2], pdu[3]]) as usize;
         let bytecount = pdu[4] as usize;
-        if count == 0 || count > 1968 || bytecount != count.div_ceil(8) || pdu.len() != 5 + bytecount
+        if count == 0
+            || count > 1968
+            || bytecount != count.div_ceil(8)
+            || pdu.len() != 5 + bytecount
         {
             return Err(exc::ILLEGAL_DATA_VALUE);
         }
@@ -361,7 +372,8 @@ mod tests {
     fn coils_write_then_read() {
         let mut s = ModbusSlave::new(1, 0, 16);
         // FC05 write single coil 3 = ON
-        s.handle_frame(&request(1, &[0x05, 0, 3, 0xFF, 0x00])).unwrap();
+        s.handle_frame(&request(1, &[0x05, 0, 3, 0xFF, 0x00]))
+            .unwrap();
         assert!(s.coil(3));
         // FC01 read coils 0..8 -> bit 3 set => byte 0x08
         let resp = s.handle_frame(&request(1, &[0x01, 0, 0, 0, 8])).unwrap();

sim/src/npu.rs

@@ -20,12 +20,18 @@ pub struct NpuSim {
 impl NpuSim {
     /// A present NPU reporting 0% load.
     pub fn new() -> Self {
-        Self { present: true, load: 0 }
+        Self {
+            present: true,
+            load: 0,
+        }
     }
 
     /// An absent NPU (rknpu.ko not loaded): `/proc/rknpu/load` does not exist.
     pub fn absent() -> Self {
-        Self { present: false, load: 0 }
+        Self {
+            present: false,
+            load: 0,
+        }
     }
 
     /// Set the reported load, clamped to 0..=100.
@@ -105,6 +111,9 @@ mod tests {
 
     #[test]
     fn default_is_present_idle() {
-        assert_eq!(NpuSim::default().proc_load(), Some("NPU load:  0%\n".to_string()));
+        assert_eq!(
+            NpuSim::default().proc_load(),
+            Some("NPU load:  0%\n".to_string())
+        );
     }
 }

sim/src/rga.rs

@@ -52,7 +52,10 @@ pub struct RgaSim {
 impl RgaSim {
     /// A working RGA whose `improcess` succeeds.
     pub fn new() -> Self {
-        Self { status: ImStatus::Success, blits: Vec::new() }
+        Self {
+            status: ImStatus::Success,
+            blits: Vec::new(),
+        }
     }
 
     /// Program the status `improcess` returns (set `Failed` to drive the driver's
@@ -63,7 +66,12 @@ impl RgaSim {
 
     /// Model one `improcess()` call: record it and return the programmed status.
     pub fn improcess(&mut self, src: Surface, dst: Surface, srect: Rect, drect: Rect) -> ImStatus {
-        self.blits.push(Blit { src, dst, srect, drect });
+        self.blits.push(Blit {
+            src,
+            dst,
+            srect,
+            drect,
+        });
         self.status
     }
 
@@ -99,7 +107,11 @@ mod tests {
     use super::*;
 
     fn surf(w: i32, h: i32) -> Surface {
-        Surface { width: w, height: h, format: 0 }
+        Surface {
+            width: w,
+            height: h,
+            format: 0,
+        }
     }
     fn rect(w: i32, h: i32) -> Rect {
         Rect { x: 0, y: 0, w, h }
@@ -108,7 +120,12 @@ mod tests {
     #[test]
     fn records_a_successful_blit() {
         let mut r = RgaSim::new();
-        let st = r.improcess(surf(720, 720), surf(360, 360), rect(720, 720), rect(360, 360));
+        let st = r.improcess(
+            surf(720, 720),
+            surf(360, 360),
+            rect(720, 720),
+            rect(360, 360),
+        );
         assert_eq!(st, ImStatus::Success);
         assert_eq!(r.count(), 1);
         let b = r.last().unwrap();
@@ -120,8 +137,10 @@ mod tests {
     fn failed_status_drives_fallback() {
         let mut r = RgaSim::new();
         r.set_status(ImStatus::Failed);
-        assert_eq!(r.improcess(surf(10, 10), surf(10, 10), rect(10, 10), rect(10, 10)),
+        assert_eq!(
-                   ImStatus::Failed);
+            r.improcess(surf(10, 10), surf(10, 10), rect(10, 10), rect(10, 10)),
+            ImStatus::Failed
+        );
         // the op is still recorded — the driver dispatched it, then fell back.
         assert_eq!(r.count(), 1);
     }

tools/config-lint/src/lib.rs

@@ -38,6 +38,13 @@ pub struct Finding {
     pub msg: String,
 }
 
+/// A byte that can appear inside a devicetree node/property identifier — used to
+/// require a token boundary before a `reg` property, so substrings like `reg-names`
+/// or a `region-*` node label are not matched as the `reg` property itself.
+fn is_ident_byte(b: u8) -> bool {
+    b.is_ascii_alphanumeric() || b == b'_' || b == b'-'
+}
+
 fn parse_addr(s: &str) -> Option<u64> {
     let s = s.trim();
     if let Some(hex) = s.strip_prefix("0x").or_else(|| s.strip_prefix("0X")) {
@@ -47,10 +54,33 @@ fn parse_addr(s: &str) -> Option<u64> {
     }
 }
 
-/// Does a loader entry name a coprocessor/MCU firmware (whose LOAD_ADDR matters)?
+/// Loaders that are part of the normal RK boot chain — DDR init, SPL/loader, the
-fn is_mcu_loader(name: &str) -> bool {
+/// secure monitor, U-Boot — and are NOT boot-loaded coprocessor firmware, so their
+/// LOAD_ADDR (if any) is the vendor boot flow, not a DRAM carve-out that must be
+/// reserved. Anything NOT on this allowlist that declares a LOAD_ADDR is treated as
+/// a coprocessor load and checked (**fail closed**): a future MCU named
+/// "Rtos"/"Bl32"/"M0" must not slip through an MCU-*name* allowlist the way the
+/// original `hpmcu`/`mcu`/`amp` substring test would have — that is exactly the
+/// c8a3 0x40000-brick class this tool exists to catch.
+fn is_known_safe_loader(name: &str) -> bool {
     let n = name.to_ascii_lowercase();
-    n.contains("hpmcu") || n.contains("mcu") || n.contains("amp")
+    const SAFE: &[&str] = &[
+        "flashdata",
+        "flashboot",
+        "ddr",
+        "usbplug",
+        "spl",
+        "uboot",
+        "u-boot",
+        "loader",
+        "trust",
+        "tee",
+        "atf",
+        "bl31",
+        "fsbl",
+        "idblock",
+    ];
+    SAFE.iter().any(|s| n.contains(s))
 }
 
 /// Extract MCU firmware loads from an rkbin loader `.ini`: for each `LOADERn=<name>`
@@ -72,7 +102,9 @@ pub fn parse_ini_mcu_loads(ini: &str) -> Vec<McuLoad> {
             section = sec.trim().to_string();
             continue;
         }
-        let Some((k, v)) = line.split_once('=') else { continue };
+        let Some((k, v)) = line.split_once('=') else {
+            continue;
+        };
         let (k, v) = (k.trim(), v.trim());
         if section == "LOADER_OPTION" && k.to_ascii_uppercase().starts_with("LOADER") {
             loaders.push((k.to_ascii_uppercase(), v.to_string()));
@@ -85,12 +117,19 @@ pub fn parse_ini_mcu_loads(ini: &str) -> Vec<McuLoad> {
 
     let mut out = Vec::new();
     for (loader, name) in loaders {
-        if !is_mcu_loader(&name) {
+        // Fail closed: check every loader that isn't a known-safe boot component.
+        // A benign component without a LOAD_ADDR produces nothing (the `get` below
+        // misses), so this only ever surfaces loads that actually target DRAM.
+        if is_known_safe_loader(&name) {
             continue;
         }
         // LOADER2 -> [LOADER2_PARAM]
         if let Some(&addr) = load_addrs.get(&format!("{loader}_PARAM")) {
-            out.push(McuLoad { loader, name, load_addr: addr });
+            out.push(McuLoad {
+                loader,
+                name,
+                load_addr: addr,
+            });
         }
     }
     out
@@ -129,15 +168,40 @@ pub fn parse_reserved_ranges(dt: &str) -> Vec<Range> {
             }
             j += 1;
         }
-        // scan reg = < a b > inside [start, j)
+        // scan `reg = <addr size>` PROPERTY tokens inside [start, j). Match `reg` as
+        // a whole token — identifier boundary before it, `=` after optional space —
+        // so a `reg-names` property or a `region-*@…` node label (both contain the
+        // substring "reg") is not misparsed into a bogus range.
         let block = &dt[start..j.min(dt.len())];
-        for reg in block.split("reg").skip(1) {
+        let bb = block.as_bytes();
-            let Some(lt) = reg.find('<') else { continue };
+        let mut k = 0;
-            let Some(gt) = reg[lt..].find('>') else { continue };
+        while let Some(rel) = block[k..].find("reg") {
-            let nums: Vec<&str> = reg[lt + 1..lt + gt].split_whitespace().collect();
+            let p = k + rel;
+            let end = p + 3;
+            k = end; // forward progress regardless of whether this "reg" matches
+            let before_ok = p == 0 || !is_ident_byte(bb[p - 1]);
+            let mut a = end; // first non-space byte after "reg" must be '='
+            while a < bb.len() && matches!(bb[a], b' ' | b'\t' | b'\r' | b'\n') {
+                a += 1;
+            }
+            if !(before_ok && a < bb.len() && bb[a] == b'=') {
+                continue;
+            }
+            let Some(lt_rel) = block[a..].find('<') else {
+                continue;
+            };
+            let lt = a + lt_rel;
+            let Some(gt_rel) = block[lt..].find('>') else {
+                continue;
+            };
+            let gt = lt + gt_rel;
+            let nums: Vec<&str> = block[lt + 1..gt].split_whitespace().collect();
             if nums.len() >= 2 {
-                if let (Some(a), Some(s)) = (parse_addr(nums[0]), parse_addr(nums[1])) {
+                if let (Some(addr), Some(sz)) = (parse_addr(nums[0]), parse_addr(nums[1])) {
-                    out.push(Range { start: a, size: s });
+                    out.push(Range {
+                        start: addr,
+                        size: sz,
+                    });
                 }
             }
         }
@@ -245,4 +309,55 @@ FLAG=0x10007
         let loads = parse_ini_mcu_loads(NONTB_INI);
         assert!(check(&loads, &parse_reserved_ranges(DT_NO_RTOS)).is_empty());
     }
+
+    // A reserving node whose LABEL and a sibling property both contain "reg", with
+    // an unrelated cell property (`interrupts`) right before the real `reg`.
+    const DT_REG_SUBSTRING: &str = r#"
+        reserved-memory {
+            #address-cells = <1>;
+            #size-cells = <1>;
+            ranges;
+            region-a@40000 { interrupts = <0 43 4>; reg-names = "ctrl"; reg = <0x40000 0x3c000>; no-map; };
+        };
+    "#;
+
+    /// Regression (correctness review): `reg` must match as a whole property token,
+    /// not a bare substring — the `region-*` label, `reg-names`, and the
+    /// `interrupts` cells must NOT be misparsed into extra ranges.
+    #[test]
+    fn reg_token_not_substring() {
+        let r = parse_reserved_ranges(DT_REG_SUBSTRING);
+        assert_eq!(r.len(), 1, "only the real `reg` property is a range: {r:?}");
+        assert_eq!(r[0].start, 0x40000);
+        assert_eq!(r[0].size, 0x3c000);
+    }
+
+    // A future coprocessor loader named nothing like hpmcu/mcu/amp, at an
+    // unreserved DRAM address — the exact case an MCU-name allowlist would miss.
+    const UNKNOWN_MCU_INI: &str = r#"
+[LOADER_OPTION]
+NUM=2
+LOADER1=FlashData
+LOADER2=Rtos
+FlashData=bin/rv11/rv1106_ddr.bin
+Rtos=bin/rv11/rv1106_rtos.bin
+[LOADER2_PARAM]
+LOAD_ADDR=0x40000
+"#;
+
+    /// Regression (correctness review): fail closed. A loader that isn't a known-safe
+    /// boot component and declares a LOAD_ADDR is treated as a coprocessor load and
+    /// checked, even though its name matches no MCU keyword.
+    #[test]
+    fn unknown_coprocessor_name_is_flagged() {
+        let loads = parse_ini_mcu_loads(UNKNOWN_MCU_INI);
+        assert_eq!(
+            loads.len(),
+            1,
+            "the unknown loader must be checked: {loads:?}"
+        );
+        assert_eq!(loads[0].load_addr, 0x40000);
+        // and it's caught when no reserved-memory node covers it:
+        assert_eq!(check(&loads, &parse_reserved_ranges(DT_NO_RTOS)).len(), 1);
+    }
 }